Graduation Requirements

Advisory Program

At Morgan Park Academy, our teachers do far more than teach facts or school subjects. We cultivate our mission through our students’ learning every day in the classroom. Character education is both respected and reinforced through teachers’ daily interactions with students.

Visual & Performing Arts

In keeping with the philosophy of Morgan Park Academy to educate the whole child, fine and performing arts are an integral part of the Academy’s curriculum. Celebration and creativity echo throughout the fine arts, music, and drama programs. This unparalleled exposure complements the academic curriculum and helps develop well-rounded individuals.

Acting and Directing 1 (0.5 credit)
The first quarter of this one-semester course focuses on the examination of self, successful working with “the other” (both a single partner and an ensemble atmosphere), and the basics of realistic acting. Students explore improvisation, character development, and scene analysis, emphasizing the moment-to-moment, honest portrayal of well-developed characters. The second quarter focuses on directing theatre, TV, and film, and directing techniques, including how to work with actors, how to design a set, work with sound, how to tell a story on stage, etc. Scenes are rehearsed and presented in the classroom. If preferred, students can shoot and edit videos outside of class and bring in their scene work for class (note that equipment is not provided). Prerequisite: none.

Acting and Directing 2 (0.5 credit)
This one-semester course builds off what students studied in Acting I and Directing I. Students explore advanced improvisation, character development, and scene analysis, emphasizing the moment-to-moment, honest portrayal of well-developed characters. Prerequisite: Acting and Directing I.

Chorus (0.5 credit)
Chorus provides vocal ensemble opportunities for any interested Upper School students. Emphasis is placed on performance and musical learning, including singing, interpretation, and expression. Student accompanists are encouraged. Chorus meets twice weekly. Chorus performs several times during the school year.

Band (0.5 credit)
Band is available to non-beginning instrumentalists. Musicianship (blending and balancing sound accuracy and intonation) and performance preparation are the main emphases. Band meets three times weekly and performs several times during the school year.

Art Fundamentals (0.5 credit)
This beginning-level art class introduces art components such as subject, content, and unity. Students also study elements of art (color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value) and design principles (balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and variety). They work realistically and abstractly and experiment with various materials and mediums: painting, drawing, print-making, mixed media, digital media, sculpture, photography, and fashion. The curriculum includes a short survey of art history and a closer examination of Modern to Contemporary art. In addition, students will examine the idea of copyrights versus appropriation. Students also learn about the creative process and conceptual approaches of the artists of the 21st century. Sketchbook work is required. Through participation in class critiques, students learn how to talk about their work, interpret the works of others, and how to provide constructive feedback. Students show their work in an art exhibition (MPA gallery and virtual).

Drawing and Painting 1 (0.5 credit)
In this beginning-level course, students gain a foundation in drawing and painting. Composition, design principles, basic rules of perspective, and advanced color theory are covered. Students study the history of painting and drawing dating back to the Renaissance and including contemporary trends in visual arts. They view and analyze relevant works of art and learn about contemporary artists’ creative processes and conceptual approaches. A sketchbook/journal of both written and visual notes is required. Through participation in class critiques, students learn how to interpret the works of others and how to provide constructive feedback. Students write about their work and process. They work towards developing their individual portfolios and artist statements. Students show their work in an art exhibition (MPA gallery and virtual). Prerequisites: Art Fundamentals

Drawing and Painting 2 (0.5 credit)
In Drawing and Painting 2, students will be able to practice and expand upon skills and techniques learned in Drawing and Painting 1. Students work from observation, imagination, and photographs. They will continue to study the history of painting and drawing and contemporary trends in visual arts. They research historical works of art/artists to find their personal inspiration. Students work towards developing their style and finding their area of interest. They will work on independent projects where they pick their subject and work with their preferred medium. A sketchbook/journal of both written and visual notes is required. Through participation in class critiques, students learn how to talk about their work, interpret the works of others, and how to provide constructive feedback. Students write about their work and process. They work towards developing their individual portfolios and artist statements. Students show their work in an art exhibition (MPA gallery and virtual). Prerequisites: Drawing and Painting 1

Ceramics 1 (0.5 credit)
The Ceramics I curriculum emphasis is on hand-building forms. Through exploring the history of ceramics from Neolithic times through the present, students learn how the functionality of clay objects evolved throughout the ages and how ceramics entered the realm of fine arts. Students view images of clay objects and participate in class discussions about contemporary artists and their work. They analyze clay artifacts and write about them. Early and contemporary methods for forming and firing clay are covered in this course. After an introduction to studio practices (cleaning, storing, use of tools, safety), students build clay sculptures and functional objects. They use pinch, coiling, and slab-building techniques. Students experiment with texturing, coloring, and glazing. They participate in an art exhibition.Prerequisites: Art Fundamentals

Ceramics 2 (0.5 credit)
In Ceramics 2, students will be able to practice and expand upon skills and techniques learned in Ceramics 1. Students will be taught how to create functional and non-functional pieces using clay. More emphasis will be placed on ceramic sculpture. They will learn more about visual arts by viewing and discussing historical works and works of contemporary ceramic artists. Students will continue hand-building and will be introduced to the pottery wheel technique. They will explore Ceramics more personally by engaging in structured assignments that leave more room for personal expression and creativity. They will also work on independent assignments where they choose their subject and preferred technique. Students will create artist statements pertaining to those projects. In the end they are required to turn in portfolios of their works and writings that they created during the semester. Students will be required to show their work in the art exhibition at our school gallery. Prerequisites: Ceramics 1

Photography 1 (0.5 credit)
Beginning-level photography class focusing on using a digital point-and-shoot or single-lens reflex camera. Camera settings explored to offer creative and technical control. We will explore design principles in a photographic composition. Students learn framing within the viewfinder and utilize various compositional principles. Students also learn to examine images through weekly critiques. Digital processing techniques are introduced using multiple photo editing applications. Students should be prepared to spend at least 3 hours outside class on assignments.

Photography 2 (0.5 credit)
Building off concepts learned in Intro to Photography focuses on digital photography. Projects will be individually driven, and students will be required to explore various photographic techniques. Prerequisites: Intro to Photography or approval of the instructor. Students MUST have a Digital Single Lens Reflex camera (DSLR).

Advanced Art – Portfolio Building (0.5 credit)
Students create 7-10 works demonstrating their skill level, creativity, personal style, and commitment to the subject matter. Students will present six pieces of their best work at the beginning of the semester. Students choose their subject matter based on their interests, sketchbooks, and what they have created thus far. After researching historical and contemporary artists who worked with a similar theme, students focus on their approach to that subject. They begin working on their artist statement as soon as they identify the subject of their work. The course’s goal is that students progress in articulating their ideas and becoming self-directed in pursuing the concepts in their artwork. Group critiques will take place throughout the semester. The course culminates with a final formal critique in which students must present their portfolios to the class and the teacher. They will be assessed based on their portfolios, sketches, supplemental writing, and artist statements. Students may work using the following media: drawing (including digital drawing), painting, mixed media, or ceramics.

This class is for students who have finished advanced-level art courses and want to continue art-making—recommended for students applying to the Art School. Prerequisite: Drawing/Painting 2 or Ceramics 2. New students or those who worked independently must submit their portfolio (minimum ten works) plus a sketchbook for the teacher’s review and approval.

Independent Study in Visual Arts
An Independent Study in Visual Arts allows students to engage in artmaking when they want to expand their art practice beyond our standard curriculum. This course offers a form of learning with a student “in the driver’s seat” guided by the art teacher in a one-on-one setting. The prerequisites to the Independent Study in Visual Arts are the Advanced Art course and a formal Portfolio Review by the art teacher. The applicant’s portfolio must include a cohesive body of 7-10 art pieces and an artist statement about the presented work.

Music Appreciation 101 (0.5 credit)
Beginning level music appreciation class introduces music and sound while applying these concepts using a variety of projects. Students should have GarageBand (or equivalent) and iMovie (or equivalent) on their PED. Prerequisite: none.

Music Appreciation 102 (0.5 credit)
Building off Music Appreciation 101, students will study more specifically into genres of their choice (and/or as assigned by the instructor). Projects will be in-depth, and students will be expected to create aspects of the genre using analog and digital instruments. Prior knowledge of playing an instrument is not needed—prerequisites: Music Appreciation 101 (or its equivalent at the teacher’s approval).

Music Theory 201
Building on the knowledge of playing an instrument and studying scales, this class will delve into reading, writing, and analyzing music theory—prerequisites: 1 year of Band (or its equivalent and the teacher’s approval).

Music Theory AP (0.5 credit)
Building on the knowledge of playing an instrument and studying scales, and materials learned in Music Theory 201, this class will continue to develop reading, writing, and analysis skills. Prerequisites: Music Theory 201 and 2 years of Band (or its equivalent and the teacher’s approval).

Radio and Podcasting (0.5 credit)
This class will teach the basics of Radio Station Engineering, from setting up a soundboard to the different types of microphones used. The focus will be on creating material fit to publish. Editing and mixing will be a radio station’s primary focus and general maintenance.

Spoken Word (0.5 credit)
Elements of rhythm, rhyme, and wordplay will be used to create pieces to share by reading aloud. Students will discover the confidence needed to perform in front of groups varying in size. Some prompts simply show how an element can be crafted into a performance. Some prompts will push the students to share themselves and their experiences creatively. Poems, monologues, rap, slam poetry, and even stand-up will all be touched upon.

Yearbook (0.5 credit)
Tradition is an integral part of our history and image here at MPA. The yearbook is a large part of this tradition and history. However, we risk losing this important part of our history as we move from an analog age of paper, books, and hand-held photos to a digital age of social media, camera phones, and tablets. This class, dedicated to producing a student-led, student-produced yearbook, would allow students to contribute to writing their own stories and history here at MPA.

This course is designed to continue developing knowledge about digital publications, digital photography, marketing, and historical archives. Students will plan, design, create, and produce our MPA Yearbook, taking pictures, writing their own stories, and producing a history they can call their own. At the end of the course, students will have learned how to design, produce, and sell a publication curated by the class.

History of Rock (0.5 credit, Online)
This course seeks to balance understanding the development and significance of Rock and Roll in its historical and social environment while focusing on listening to music as the primary mode of understanding. Through listening, analysis, discussion, music, and film, students will explore the music, culture, and society of the day.

Introduction to Video & Audio Editing (0.5 credit, Online)
In this course, students will learn the basics of how video, sound, and inlaying are created and manipulated. Some platforms utilized are WeVideo, iMovie, and VideoEditor. Students will learn basic shots, filmmaking terminology, and different directors’ styles. A green screen, digital imagery inlaid in preexisting videos, and a News Style picture-in-picture are used. Creating GIFs, small video projects, and Choose Your Own Adventure inside Google Slides will all be explored. Students will be able to develop and alter video and audio to create professional-looking projects for class, business, or entertainment.

College Counseling

Information for Colleges
We ask that colleges visit www.scoir.com to schedule their college visit. You must have an account with SCOIR to schedule your visit. 

Freshman Seminar
Freshman Seminar provides 9th grade students with the groundwork for social and academic success. Classes cover leadership qualities, participating in one’s community, and being a positive role model. Along with assessing their goals for the future and executive functioning skills, students determine their learning styles and personality types. A career unit entails resume writing, professional presentation, and answering interview questions.

College Planning 102 (0.5 credit)
This year-long course is designed to prepare students for standardized tests and the college search, application, and selection process. In College 102, students will be introduced to essential college research strategies and learn the importance of maximizing college campus visits. They will prepare for college interviews, create their high school resume, write a college essay, and learn about letters of recommendation. Students will be expected to participate in activities that help them understand this process and become familiar with informational and school-based resources while building rapport with the College Counselor. Students will complete a portfolio of personalized college information and resources they can use as they apply for admission to colleges and universities during their senior year. College Planning 102 is a year-long course requirement for students during their junior year.

College Planning 103 (0.5 credit)
This semester course is designed to help guide students in completing the college application process. Students will work on essays, complete the common application and other applications, develop a resume, prepare for interviews, and apply for scholarships.

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English

The goal of the English classes in the English department is to ensure steady growth in students’ critical and creative abilities as readers and writers, as these skills are needed to ensure students’ academic and career success. These needs are met by affording students ample opportunities to develop these skills through oral and written expression based upon an analytic reading of selected literary texts not only from traditional Western and non-Western literature but increasingly from contemporary authors in various genres. Throughout high school, students explore ideas in multiple written modes – from informal journal writing to more formal personal and analytic essays. Increasingly, students are engaged in real-world writing activities using various web-based tools in the writing process. Many of the students’ experiences in class are discussions centered on the best classic and contemporary literature. In addition, students write in-class journal responses to literature, full-length essays, and independent projects. English classes are traditionally small and informal, allowing students to gain the necessary skills to become better writers and develop more confidence in their writing ability. This personal attention at all grade levels is the hallmark of the English program.

World Literature
This freshman-level course integrates curriculum topics covered in World History; the World Literature course seeks to introduce students to primary pieces of literature from/about various parts of the world. Using complementary texts that build on the historical, cultural, and social ideas discussed in World History, students will further their knowledge of our global world and its history through literature. Focusing on individual reader responses to literature, freshmen learn to pose analytic questions and search for answers supported by the text to discuss, debate, and write about the issues uncovered. Particular emphasis is placed on the in-class essay, a skill valuable throughout their academic career. Class discussions, self-evaluations, individual conferences, and a written portfolio help students understand the relationship of their thought process to both oral and written expression. Students must complete the summer reading assignment to prepare for the first class week.

American Literature
Just as World Literature seeks to connect global history and literature, this course for sophomores provides literary foundations for the historical concepts explored in their history courses. The sophomore-level course explores our country’s history and cultural progress primarily through seminal texts in American literature. We start at the roots – American Indian storytelling – and work from when the Europeans arrived to the modern era. Students will examine the issues such texts raise through reading and reflection, journals, discussion, group projects, and various forms of written discourse. In the process, continue to develop all those skills commonly associated with literacy in the highest and broadest sense. Students must complete the summer reading assignment to prepare for the first class week.

Advanced American Literature (0.5 credit)
An elective course that continues the investigation into American Literature, delving deep into various historical periods and movements, including the Colonial Period to the 21st century, Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Modernism, and Post-Modernism, which includes the many voices of America. Students will read fiction and nonfiction, novels, articles, and poetry, surveying the literature for content, form, literary elements, and connections to today’s world. Students will also learn to analyze this literature through academic writing and construct sound, persuasive arguments, building on their grammar, analysis, and rhetorical writing skills.

Advanced Literary Studies
In an open-ended fashion, the junior-level course explores the issues raised by a wide range of seminal texts focusing primarily on drama and poetry. Students will discuss and study how drama and poetry challenge audiences, whether it be through social, political, cultural, or deeply personal issues. Reading, reflection, and discussion lead to extensive practice in various forms of written discourse. Students must complete the summer reading assignment to prepare for the first class week.

English Advanced Placement Literature & Composition
AP English Literature and Composition allows students to study various genres of literature in-depth. Poetry, drama, fictional prose, and epic are particularly interesting to participants in this course. As students prepare for the AP English Literature and Composition examination in May, they will compose formal essays/précis that vary in length and familiarize themselves with critically challenging multiple-choice questions that analyze prose and verse selections. The reading requirements for this course are heavy, and class participation is mandatory for success in this course. There is also a strong emphasis on the proper use of literary terminology in conversation and writing. This course is offered for juniors, but seniors may take this course with administrative approval. The course is college-level and follows the general recommendations of the College Entrance Examination Board in preparing students for the AP exam.

English Advanced Placement Language & Composition
This senior course focuses on developing the skills and proper vocabulary to analyze a writer’s purpose and the techniques employed to achieve this purpose. Students discern important ideas and rhetorical methods by examining various fiction and nonfiction texts. Students practice their acquired skills by writing research papers and expository and creative essays, giving presentations, and participating in class discussions. Students must complete the summer reading assignment to prepare for the first class week. The course is college-level and follows the general recommendations of the College Entrance Examination Board in preparing students for the AP exam.

Women in Literature (0.5 credit)
Women in Literature will cover not only literature that highlights women as central figures but also literature written by women from the Ancient World to the 21st century. Topics and themes include investigations into attitudes toward women’s roles as writer, wife, mother, activist, and as a social construct. Students will explore how women dwell within the workplace, the home, the political and economic landscape with views from the outside world and women themselves as well as their connections and relationships throughout the life stages, relating social, political, and psychological influences of many cultures. Students will investigate, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate literature from women and about women.

African American Literature (0.5 credit)
This Senior course begins with a look at African-American slave tales and narratives. This course will focus on reading and discussing works by African-American authors from the 19th and 20th centuries, specifically on the African-American short story and the Harlem Renaissance. Students will explore African American literature’s cultural, theoretical, and literary significance while exploring works by authors such as Frederick Douglass, Charles W. Chestnut, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, James Baldwin, Maya Angelou, and Alice Walker, to name a few.

Major Author Study (0.5 credit)
This elective course will delve deep into an author (s) of the instructor’s choice. The course will investigate and analyze various pieces of literature from the chosen author (s) and explore the author’s life, their influences, and the historical period in which the literature is written. The course will also seek to trace the impact of the author (s) on other writers and society as a whole. Students will also learn to analyze this literature through academic writing and construct sound, persuasive arguments, building on their grammar, analysis, and rhetorical writing skills.

Middle Eastern Literature (0.5 credit)
This elective course is intended to widen students’ knowledge and familiarity with the Middle East. Students will read regional fiction and nonfiction literature, analyze their literary content and regional connections, research and investigate current issues from the region, and create projects incorporating their newfound understandings and literary knowledge. By the end of the course, students will have gained a new familiarity with this important region while expanding their literary base and improving their academic writing and research.

Advanced British Literature (0.5 credit)
An elective course investigates the development of British literature, beginning in the pre-modern Period and ending in the 21st century, and covering several literary developments and movements. Students will read fiction and nonfiction, novels, articles, and poetry, surveying the literature for content, form, literary elements, and connections to today’s world. Students will also learn to analyze this literature through academic writing and construct sound, persuasive arguments, building on their grammar, analysis, and rhetorical writing skills.

Popular Literature and Culture (0.5 credit)
This course is designed to connect popular literature (literature consumed by the masses) to the culture in which it was written. The course will explore popular novels, essays, short stories, plays, and poetry, pairing them with the time period, people, and historical realities in which it was written and investigating how authors, writers, playwrights, and poets reacted to society around them. It allows for a deeper investigation into literature often missed by a more standard canon. Yet, literature is highly influential in the post-modern world of science, arts, and the humanities. Students will explore various genres and sub-genres, including but not limited to fantasy, science fiction, mystery, suspense, horror, and comedy. Students must have completed World Literature and American Literature, earning a C or above.

Journalism (0.5 credit)
This course is designed to introduce students to the basic tenets of journalism writing and to facilitate students in writing publications for the MPA Way and other school publications.

Literature of the Holocaust (0.5 credit)
This course is designed to continue developing knowledge about recent and current world history. Students will investigate, analyze, design, synthesize, and evaluate literature in memoir, poetry, biography, and academic non-fiction, covering the Holocaust and other past and ongoing historical genocides. Students must have completed World Literature and American Literature, earning a C or above.

Creative Writing (0.5 credit)
This junior/senior semester elective provides students with the exercises, community, and responses essential to a writer’s creation of original, well-crafted fiction, poetry, and playwriting. Founded in a workshop structure, students learn to share and respond to the writing of others, create a public dialogue about the craft of creative writing, and discover a sense of good fiction and literature written in one’s developing voice. Considerable time is devoted to reading and critiquing student work as students learn methods for generating and reworking their writing. An independent creative project in the genre and subject of each writer’s choosing culminates the course. This course is an online/hybrid course on a rotational basis.

Speech (0.5 credit)
Speech is a semester course that provides students with the fundamental skills to be effective and successful public speakers. Students study “real world” public speaking experiences and participate in group discussions, debates and panel work, career interviews, special occasions, mock trials, and mass media.

Mathematics

The math department offers courses designed to prepare students for college admission, facilitate advanced work in mathematics and science, and enable graduates to use mathematics with competence and understanding in their work. The faculty strives to create a coherent vision of what it means to be mathematically literate both in a world that relies on calculators and computers to carry out mathematical procedures and where mathematics is rapidly growing and is extensively applied in diverse fields. In addition, the department works judiciously to set educational goals for its students that reflect the importance of mathematical literacy.

Algebra 1
This first-year algebra course challenges students to develop a better conceptual understanding of the structure of algebra and stronger problem-solving skills. Students will be actively involved in making connections among different branches of mathematics and solving real-life problems. By the nature of algebra, mastery of many of the techniques in the course is a prerequisite for higher-level math and science courses. Topics include Expressions, Equations, and Functions; Properties of Real Numbers; Solving Linear Equations; Graphing Linear Equations and Functions; Writing Linear Equations; Solving and Graphing Linear Inequalities; Systems of Equations and Inequalities; Exponents and Exponential Functions; and Polynomials and Factoring.

Geometry
This course is designed to emphasize the study of the properties and applications of common geometric figures in two and three dimensions. It requires students to focus on deductive reasoning skills in writing proofs to prove the properties of geometric figures. Emphasis will be placed on developing logical and critical thinking while exploring topics, which include congruent triangles, quadrilaterals and polygons, parallelism, similarity, right triangle geometry, trigonometric ratios, angles, and arcs in circles. The measurement of figures, including solids, will be introduced as well. Coordinate geometry and algebraic principles are used intensively throughout the course. Students must have successfully completed Algebra 1 before taking this course.

Geometry Honors
This proof-based geometry course develops new topics with deductive reasoning and discovery activities. It allows students to use mathematical reasoning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills to investigate and explore geometry. The course is designed to develop concepts and insight into parallel lines, congruent triangles, important lines in a triangle, quadrilaterals and polygons, similarity, right triangle geometry, trigonometric ratios, circles, areas of plane figures, and volumes of 3-dimensional figures. Algebraic principles, including using coordinates, are applied to geometric problems. The concept of proof is a substantial focus of the course. Students must have successfully completed Algebra 1 before taking this course.

Algebra 2
This second-year algebra course revisits Algebra I topics by studying extensions or connections with other ideas. The course is designed to explore functions and their translations, such as linear, absolute value, quadratic, radical, exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial functions. The course also covers the fundamentals of beginning trigonometry. Both algebraic structure and the development of computational skills will be emphasized and refined through practical applications. Students must have successfully completed Geometry before taking this course.

Algebra 2 Honors
Intermediate algebra and trigonometry topics are studied within this year-long course. An emphasis is placed on understanding relations and functions ​such as quadratic, polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The course is also structured for more capable students, extending the structure and concepts of algebra and stressing the development of computational skills. Problem-solving techniques are emphasized and refined through practical applications. The fundamentals of trigonometry ​are covered as well. Students must have successfully completed Geometry H before taking this course.

College Algebra and Trigonometry
This course is designed for students who need a math course beyond Algebra 2 and are not recommended for the Pre-Calculus Honors course. The topics in the course include a review of equations and inequalities, functions and inverse functions, polynomial and rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, more advanced trigonometry and its applications, conic sections, and parallel the content of a typical first-year college math course or Pre-Calculus high school class, albeit without the depth or rapid pace of the latter. Students must have successfully completed Algebra 2 before taking this course.

Pre-Calculus Honors
This course is designed to prepare college-bound students for the first course in calculus. The topics presented are prerequisites for calculus, including analytical geometry, exponential and logarithmic functions, trigonometry, and conic sections. The presentation of these topics develops a sound, intuitive base for understanding calculus and provides some of the tools and knowledge needed to study more advanced mathematics. Technology is used as a tool for learning that enhances understanding without sacrificing important skills. Students must have successfully completed Algebra 2H before taking this course.

Calculus Advanced Placement (AB)
This course consists of a full high school academic year of work comparable to calculus courses in colleges and universities and meets all the curriculum requirements specified for AP Calculus AB by the College Board. AP Calculus AB is a course in single-variable calculus that includes techniques and applications of the derivative, methods, and applications of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, and real-life applications of these topics. Students solve problems from multiple points of view: graphical, numerical, and analytical. Technology plays a key role in developing conceptual understanding throughout the course, but students also learn approaches to problems that do not rely on technology. Students completing this course take the Calculus AB Advanced Placement examination. Students must have successfully completed Pre-Calculus H before taking this course.

Calculus Advanced Placement (BC)
AP Calculus BC is a full-year course for students who can handle the rigor and pacing of the semester-long college Calculus course. It includes all the topics specified by the College Board in AP Calculus AB and beyond. These include further work with differentials, Euler’s Method, logistic equations, first-order linear differential equations, shell method, arc length, surface areas, work, centers of mass, fluid pressure, fluid forces, further work with L’Hopital’s Rule, integrals of more complicated trigonometric functions, improper integrals, sequences, series, parametric graphs, and polar graphs. Students solve problems from multiple points of view: graphical, numerical, and analytical. Technology plays a key role in developing conceptual understanding throughout the course, but students also learn approaches to problems that do not rely on technology. The 4th quarter will include a review for the AP Calculus BC exam, which all students in the course must take. Students must have successfully completed Pre-Calculus Honors and have a teacher recommendation before taking this course.

Statistics Advanced Placement
The course introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: exploring data, sampling and experimentation to plan and conduct a study, anticipating patterns using probability and simulation, statistical inference to estimate population parameters, and testing hypotheses. Students who successfully complete the course and AP exam may receive credit for a one-semester introductory college statistics course. Important components of the course include projects and laboratories, cooperative group problem-solving, and writing as a part of concept-oriented instruction and assessment. This approach to teaching AP Statistics will allow students to build interdisciplinary connections with other subjects and their world outside of school. The course depends heavily on technology suitable for the interactive, investigative aspects of data analysis. Students must have successfully completed Algebra 2H before taking this course.

Numeracy for the 21st Century
This full-credit, year-long, senior-level math course is offered as a hybrid independent study class. Students will utilize a dynamic math platform that will address the individual needs of each student and provide programming that monitors and provides support for concepts with which the student has difficulty. The program will help provide differentiated instruction, and a teacher will be present to help assist when needed. Students will work at their own pace with specified goals arranged by the teacher for specific benchmarks to be achieved. The goal is to improve the math foundation of each student in the areas in which it is needed most for that particular student. Students will focus on concepts of real numbers, linear equations and inequalities, functions and systems, geometric review, probability, conic sections, and trigonometry. Students must have successfully completed Algebra 2 before taking this course.

Physical Education

The Physical Education, Health, and Wellness Department has designed its curriculum so each student can develop a solid foundation of skill and an understanding of various sports activities. The program contributes to the development of social interaction and promotes a life-long fitness attitude. Students develop a physical fitness foundation and seek recreational activities that meet their fitness needs. Sportsmanship, cooperation, decision-making, and coping skills are other skills taught in class that can also be used in everyday living.

Physical Education (0.5 credit)
The Freshman Physical Education course is designed around individual and team activities that involve teaching advanced skills, techniques, and strategies of individual activities and team sports, emphasizing personal improvement. Physical education provides an excellent opportunity for students to develop as a total person. Students are encouraged to try new or challenging activities in this developmental stage. When students become somewhat proficient, their self-esteem is boosted. Therefore, physical education not only improves the student’s health but also enhances their emotional outlook and wellness, enhancing them as a whole person. Students may earn P.E. credit during their sophomore year by participating fully in one team sport. If students do not participate in one team sport in their sophomore year, they must complete an approved project by the Physical Education Department.

Athletics Requirement (1 credit)
Each student in grades 9 and 10 must play on at least one of our athletic teams each year.

Science & Technology

The science and technology courses offered by the science department develop students’ understanding of nature and the interactions of physical systems. Students learn to draw conclusions about the physical world as they experience the excitement of seeing and understanding natural phenomena. Emphasis is placed on developing both a knowledge base and problem-solving skills, which allow students to be successful in science during college and beyond. Biology, chemistry, and physics are offered at multiple levels, and several electives are offered to appeal to different interests. The goal is to meet the student’s needs by customizing the curriculum. Teachers provide students with an experiential approach to science; experiments dominate class activities. Small class sizes facilitate this hands-on approach to the curriculum.

Biology
This course provides an understanding of life and the interactions of living things on this planet. Homeostasis, biochemistry, cell theory, classical and molecular genetics, evolution, ecology, and basic anatomy and physiology form the curriculum framework. The course uses multimedia resources, experiments, computer simulations, and hands-on activities to explore each topic. This is a required course for graduation.

Biology Advanced Placement
Biology Advanced Placement is comparable to the first-year college biology course. This course uses a college textbook, and students have extended class periods one day a week to fulfill the college board requirements. Students explore the principles of cell life, inheritance, evolution and diversity, plant/animal structure and function, ecology, and behavior. The course uses multimedia resources, experiments, computer simulations, and hands-on activities to explore each topic. Students in this course are expected to be able to perform inquiry-based learning and make connections between the different units to understand the world we live in. Students must be recommended to take this class, which requires preparatory work during the summer. All students enrolled in AP Biology must take the College Board AP Biology exam in May.

Chemistry
This college-preparatory laboratory course provides students with a basic understanding of all types of matter and their interactions. Topics include atomic structure, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, solutions, thermochemistry, reaction rates, the periodic table, equilibrium, acids and bases, and nuclear chemistry. This is a required course for graduation.

Chemistry Advanced Placement
Chemistry Advanced Placement is a college-level laboratory course that prepares students for the AP Chemistry exam. This course uses a college textbook, and students have extended class periods one day a week to fulfill the college board requirements. This course provides students with an in-depth understanding of the material world. Topics include atomic structure, intermolecular forces and solids, bonding, solutions, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, gasses, kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, nuclear chemistry, atomic theory, and electrochemistry. All students enrolled in AP Chemistry must take the College Board AP Chemistry exam in May.

Physics
This elective college-preparatory course is designed to acquaint students with the fundamental behaviors of matter in the universe, the states of that matter and to frame an understanding of the universe in terms of mathematical precision and physical insights. Topics include 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional kinematics, Newton’s Laws of Motion, work and energy, vibrations and waves, optics, and electric current. Extensive laboratory experiences are presented, many using calculators and computer-based equipment. Formal laboratory report writing is a required component of this course. This course challenges students to apply rational reasoning and physical laws to understanding the existence of an ordered universe.

AP Physics 1
The AP Physics 1 course includes topics in both classical and modern physics. A knowledge of algebra and basic trigonometry is required for the course; the basic ideas of calculus may be introduced in connection with physical concepts, such as acceleration and work. Understanding the basic principles involved and the ability to apply these principles in solving problems are the primary goals of this course. This course will utilize guided lab-based inquiry and student-centered learning to foster the development of critical thinking skills. This course uses a college textbook, and students have extended class periods one day a week to fulfill the college board requirements. All students enrolled in AP Physics must take the College Board AP Physics exam.

Astronomy (0.5 credit)
In this course, we will explore the wonders of the universe and develop an understanding of the principles and practices of modern astronomy. Throughout the course, we will cover a variety of topics, including:

Observational Astronomy: how astronomers study celestial objects, including planets, stars, galaxies, and more. Cover the use of telescopes and other observational tools, and discuss the challenges of studying objects that are millions or billions of light years away.

The Solar System: explore the structure and composition of our solar system, including the planets, their moons, asteroids, and comets, and the history of the solar system and the ongoing scientific missions to explore it.

Stars and Stellar Evolution: life cycle of stars, from their formation to their eventual death. Discuss the different types of stars, their properties, and their classification.

Galaxies and Cosmology: explore the structure and evolution of galaxies, including our own Milky Way. Discuss the Big Bang theory and the formation of the universe, as well as the ongoing search for dark matter and energy.

Astrobiology: search for life beyond Earth, including the conditions necessary for life and the ongoing scientific missions to explore our solar system.

Throughout the course, we will engage in various activities and assignments designed to develop your understanding of astronomy. These may include observing the night sky and recording observations, conducting research on a specific topic in astronomy and presenting findings, analyzing astronomical data and drawing conclusions, and creating models and simulations of astronomical phenomena.

By the end of the course, students will have gained a comprehensive understanding of astronomy and the tools and techniques used to study the universe. They will also develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that can be applied to any field.

Principles of Genetics (0.5 credit)
This one-semester course expands upon the basic principles of genetics offered in Biology class. Topics include gene interaction, linkage, crossing over, and evolution. Lab work and a variety of classroom activities are performed regularly. This course is open to any students who have completed Biology.

Forensic Science (0.5 credit)
This is a semester elective in the science department. This course will highlight the different science concepts and analysis techniques that criminologists use daily. The criminal cases investigated will be varied to include topics and techniques used in biology, chemistry, and physics. Students must have completed Biology or AP Biology AND Chemistry or AP Chemistry.

Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 (0.5 credit)
Students will build upon their foundation of human body systems and develop a strong understanding of the interconnectedness between the systems to maintain homeostasis. In this semester course, students will study the interaction between the anatomy and physiology of the human body. The course will rely on textbook readings, online course supplements, case studies, lab practicals, and lab activities. Dissection is a key component of this course and is required for successful completion. Prerequisite: Successful completion of Biology or AP Biology.

Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 (0.5 credit)
Students will continue their study of human body systems that began in Human Anatomy 1. New concepts and deeper understanding of those from Anatomy 1 will be explored through textbook readings, online course supplements, case studies, lab practicals, and lab activities. Dissection is a required component of this course. Prerequisite: Successful completion of Anatomy 1.

Earth Science (0.5 credit)
Earth Science is a physical science course focusing on the study of our planet, its composition, and processes. This course will cover Earth’s composition, plate tectonics, meteorology, and oceanography. Students will learn through a multimedia approach that utilizes a textbook, online resources (readings, discussions), lab activities, quizzes, tests, and projects to promote higher-order thinking, collaboration, discussion, and solving of real-world problems.

Ecology (0.5 credit)
This course provides an overview of ecology, the study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. A background in the fundamental principles of ecological science will be established, including the concepts of natural selection, population and community ecology, biodiversity, and sustainability. Students will acquire an “ecological literacy” about how the natural world works and develop an understanding of how scientific methods and critical thinking are used to diagnose and propose solutions for current ecological challenges.

Advanced Placement Environmental Science
AP Environmental Science is designed to be the equivalent of a one-semester introductory college course in environmental science, through which students engage with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world. The course requires students to identify and analyze natural and human-made environmental problems, evaluate their relative risks, and examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing them. Environmental Science is interdisciplinary, embracing topics from geology, biology, environmental studies, environmental science, chemistry, and geography. Prerequisites: Biology or AP biology and Chemistry or AP Chemistry

Computer Programming 1 (0.5 credit)
This course is a senior elective available to students who have completed college algebra trigonometry and have little computer programming experience. Computer Science in Python teaches the fundamentals of computer programming and some advanced Python language features. Students will develop an appreciation for how computers store and manipulate information by building simple console-based games. This course is equivalent to a semester-long introductory Python course at the college level. ​The course utilizes a blended classroom approach. ​All content is entirely web-based, with students writing and running code in the browser. Lessons include video tutorials, short quizzes, example programs to explore, and written programming exercises. Every unit ends with a comprehensive test that assesses students’ mastery of learned material.

Computer Programming 2 (0.5 credit)
This course is a senior elective available to students who have completed Programming I or have a well-developed understanding of the Python programming language. AP Computer Science in Java teaches students to design and implement computer-based solutions to problems, implement commonly used algorithms and data structures, select appropriate algorithms and data structures to solve problems and code fluently in an object-oriented paradigm using Java. The course utilizes a blended classroom approach. ​All content is entirely web-based, with students writing and running code in the browser. Lessons consist of learning modules comprising short video tutorials, example programs, quizzes, written programming exercises, and challenge problems. Each unit ends with a comprehensive test assessing student mastery of learned material.

Bioethics (0.5 credit)
This course introduces bioethics, covering eugenics, stem cells, cloning, human experimentation, mandated vaccines, distribution of scarce resources, end-of-life/euthanasia, and animal testing/rights. Students will explore several fundamental moral issues in medicine, health, and biotechnology, discerning, defending, and refuting moral courses of action. Some topics covered in this course have been ethically debated for centuries, while others are new, direct results of the current breakneck speed of advancing technology. All topics in this course include themes of racial and gender equality and policies that affect the world’s most vulnerable populations, staying true to the MPA mission to help shape future global learners and leaders.

AP Computer Science Principles – Java
AP Computer Science Principles (AP CSP) is a full-year, rigorous course that introduces students to the foundational concepts of computer science and explores the impact computing and technology have on our society. The course covers a broad range of foundational topics, including programming, algorithms, the Internet, digital privacy and security, and the societal impacts of computing. Endorsed by the College Board, this course will prepare students for the end-of-course AP Exam.

Introduction to Computer Science – Python (0.5 credit)
This course is designed to offer an introduction to computer science. Students will learn the basics of computer programming along with the basics of computer science. The material emphasizes computational thinking and helps develop the ability to solve complex problems. This course covers the basic building blocks of programming along with other central elements of computer science. It gives a foundation in the tools used in computer science and prepares students for further study in computer science, including AP Computer Science Principles and AP Computer Science A courses.

Digital Citizenship (0.5 credit)
This course fosters the development of the required skills to live, learn, and work successfully in an increasingly complex and information-rich society. Students will examine the Nine Elements of Digital Citizenship and the effective use of technologies to support teaching and learning. The course uses a “content infusion” approach, in which students learn about many digital citizenship topics as they complete various projects using Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Sheets, Google Drawings, and Google Forms.

Social Sciences

The study of social sciences in the Humanities department cultivates an understanding of history as a means of understanding ourselves. Students study civilization, cultural diffusion, and innovation to achieve such an understanding. They discover the consequences of human interaction with the environment. Values, beliefs, political ideas, and institutions are discussed. Also covered are various patterns of social and political interaction.

World History
This required freshman course traces the emergence of mankind from its earliest pre-civilized condition to modern high-tech societies within a global context. This survey course is a basic introduction to social studies skills, including library research and writing term papers, geographic awareness and understanding, and an introduction to the separate disciplines of economics, anthropology, sociology, and political science. The goals of the course are to provide a core of common understanding in terms of world history, enhance social studies skills, including critical thinking, and provide in-depth studies of major cultural regions.

United States History
This required sophomore course will challenge students to think about social, economic, and political issues in United States history, emphasizing meaning. Students will also consider issues in historiography. How do you construct a story out of primary sources? Can history be objective? Why do we study history? Students will identify a thesis, or point of view, in their readings and work on thesis development in their writing. Evaluation is based on research, writing, tests, discussions, and projects.

United States History Advanced Placement (AP)
This is a rigorous survey course on United States history from its pre-Columbian days until the present. This course will challenge students to consider social, economic, and political issues. Those critical-thinking skills will be developed by analyzing primary and secondary sources, research, essay writing, and class discussion. Students will identify a thesis or point of view in their readings and work on thesis development in their writing. Test-taking and study skills will be emphasized in preparation for the AP exam. The course will require preliminary work during the summer.

Consumer Economics (0.5 credit)
In this required semester course, students will acquire various skills that promote good personal finance habits and create an awareness of securing their financial futures. Budgeting, money management, taxes, credit, investments, housing, transportation, and insurance are a sampling of the many topics students will study in this course. Consumer Economics is a graduation requirement. The course is offered during the school year and the summer.

Law, Politics, and Society (0.5 credit)
This course continues to focus on the American system of government, especially the Constitution and the American legal system. The course examines the American legal system by studying several precedent-setting Supreme Court cases. Students will participate in several mock trials.

Humanities I (0.5 credit)
In this semester elective, students will focus on the Greco-Roman, Judeo-Christian, and African cultural roots. The Humanities student learns to read a culture’s great philosophers and identify the expression of these philosophies in that culture’s art, architecture, and literature. Students then look for evidence of these thought patterns in their own culture.

Humanities II (0.5 credit)
This semester elective is a continuation of Humanities I, beginning with the Renaissance and continuing through the modern age. The focus remains on the philosophies of a culture and their expression. Students will gain familiarity with the philosophers, writers, and artists most influential in shaping our own culture’s beliefs.

Global Issues (0.5 credit)
All nations and people are interconnected in a world increasingly linked by technology. This course will explore selected global issues through readings, case studies, projects, and simulations. Students will be empowered to participate more thoughtfully in the world they encounter as workers and citizens. Among the issues to be explored are ethnic and religious conflict, food and hunger, global governance, human rights, diversity and nationalism, population and movement of people, and women’s issues.

AP Comparative Government and Politics
AP Comparative Government and Politics introduces students to the rich diversity of political life outside the United States. This college-level political science course utilizes a comparative approach to examine the political structures, policies, and challenges among six selected countries: Great Britain, Mexico, Russia, Iran, China, and Nigeria.

Human Rights (0.5 credit, online)
This online course covers the human rights issues of various minorities. The course will be centered around the following areas: race, gender, sexuality, religion, ethnicity, and disability.

World Religions (0.5 credit)
Students will study the history, origins, dogma, and practices of various religions from around the globe, such as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Islam. Discussing the similarities and differences found among the faiths covered in the course allows students to understand how these religions have aided in developing the diverse cultures from where they originated and are still practiced today.

Human Geography
This course is offered to juniors and seniors as a year-long social studies elective. Students will study geographic concepts and come to a solid understanding of how the interaction between humans and their environment creates the world we live in. For each unit, students will learn about a given concept in general terms (e.g., demographic transition) and through specific applications (e.g., the Irish potato famine). Students will be asked to write papers and complete projects that require them to integrate and apply the geographic knowledge they have acquired. For example, one project might focus on the sweatshop industry. Students will examine how economic pressures, economies of scale, and weak regulations encourage sweatshops in third-world countries. In addition to the conceptual elements of geography, students will work with maps of many types and be expected to have a working knowledge of countries, major cities, rivers, and other important geographic features.

AP Human Geography
This course is offered to juniors and seniors as a year-long social studies elective. Students will study geographic concepts and come to a solid understanding of how the interaction between humans and their environment creates the world we live in. For each unit, students will learn about a given concept in general terms (i.e., demographic transition) and through specific applications (i.e., the Irish potato famine). Students will be asked to write papers and complete projects that require them to integrate and apply the geographic knowledge they have acquired. For example, one project might focus on the sweatshop industry. Students will examine how economic pressures, economies of scale, and weak regulations encourage sweatshops in third-world countries. In addition to the conceptual elements of geography, students will work with maps of many types and be expected to have a working knowledge of countries, major cities, rivers, and other important geographic features.

Psychology (0.5 credit)
Psychology is the systematic study of individual human behavior and experience. This course aims to introduce the student to the content, terminology, methodology, and application of the discipline. This survey course contains an introduction and four units based on psychology’s physiological, cognitive, behavioral, and affective domains. This semester course stresses the application of academic content to the student’s life.

World Languages

The World Language offerings provide a sequence of courses that encourage the appreciation of language learning while enhancing students’ understanding of other cultures and history. Upon completing the Upper School world language sequence, students can function in the areas of oral and written expression, listening, and reading comprehension in a way that allows for a clear understanding of and communication with speakers and writers of the target language. Through studying a world language, each student develops communication skills, a sense of how language functions, and an appreciation for other cultures.

Spanish 1
Students are introduced to basic vocabulary and grammatical structures in the first year of Spanish. Instruction immediately encourages the use of Spanish in class. Classroom activities and lab work emphasize the development of oral and aural proficiency, communicative competence, and an appreciation for Hispanic cultures.

Spanish 2
This communicative course focuses mainly on developing the students’ speaking and writing skills. Students are encouraged to speak Spanish at all times. Students’ writing progresses from paragraphs to compositions of increasing length and complexity. Oral presentations, essays, reading comprehension, communicative activities, and the ability to use the most important verb tenses are essential in the curriculum.

Spanish 3
Third-year Spanish begins with a review of major verb tenses. During the remainder of the course, students learn all other major grammar topics, including uses of the subjunctive, future, conditional, and perfect tenses. Students work with reading selections, including short stories, poems, and news articles during the year. Projects include several kinds of creative and formal writing assignments, speeches, and research on historical or cultural topics. Spanish is used almost exclusively in this course.

Spanish 4 Honors
This course is an option for students who have completed the third level of Spanish and wish to continue progressing toward fluency. The course aims to develop conversation skills while delving more deeply into the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking countries. Students will examine short films, poetry, newspaper articles, and music. This purpose is achieved while adhering to the standards developed throughout the world language curriculum, which includes communication, cultures, connections, comparisons, and communities. Students who complete this course can enroll in AP language the following year, grades and teacher recommendation permitting.

Spanish 5 Honors
This course aims to develop fluency in expression and accuracy in spoken and written language. The students will expand upon previously learned grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions in this course to develop more sophisticated conversational skills. They will hone their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through a variety of activities such as engaging in both free and guided conversation, small group and paired work, situational role-playing, reading and discussing articles, texts, and stories, discussing and analyzing Spanish language films and listening to music and recordings of native speakers. Students will be expected to write short papers and make oral presentations. Spanish literature and media will be used for class discussion and vocabulary acquisition. Students will also view Spanish films, which will serve as topics for discussion and as a means of vocabulary acquisition, listening comprehension practice, and cultural awareness.

Spanish Advanced Topics: Fluency Through Film
This course is designed for advanced students who want to improve their fluency and cultural understanding. Students will have the opportunity to compare and contrast aspects of many regions in the Spanish-speaking world by watching and analyzing carefully chosen films. They will then use these works to guide them through exploring various essential topics, including globalization, cultural identity, and dialectal variation. Students will demonstrate their understanding of complex cultural and linguistic topics through oral presentations, dramatizations, written reflections, class discussions, and independent research projects. This is an honors course.

Spanish Advanced Placement Language and Culture
Spanish AP is a class designed to prepare students for the College Board exam. The course focus, however, is an improvement in the three modes of communication in both formal and informal settings. Students will learn to express their cultural competency through written and spoken Spanish. Grammar instruction will be limited to common errors and review of more advanced topics. The course moves through six broad themes relating to different aspects of daily life in the United States and Spanish-speaking communities so that students can engage intelligently with virtually any topic. Students are expected to commit themselves to using Spanish exclusively in class.

Spanish Advanced Placement Literature and Culture
In this course, students prepare to take the AP examination in Spanish literature. The course focuses on mastering four language arts skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) while emphasizing reading comprehension and writing good-quality essays. Literary selections include novels, plays, short stories, and poetry from the Spanish-speaking world. The course proceeds mainly through discussion of the literary texts.

Mandarin 1
The Mandarin course is designed for students to develop a basic knowledge of Mandarin. In the course, the student will learn the Pinyin vocalization system, how to write Chinese characters, about 800 vocabulary words, basic grammar, and simple sentence structure. Cultural topics focus on traditions, family, cuisine, customs, and celebrations. Students increase their language proficiency and cultural awareness by viewing video, film, and audio clips and reading selections. Students will be able to use Internet resources to learn more about China and Chinese-speaking countries in Asia.

Mandarin 2
In this second-level Mandarin course, students will continue integrating cross-cultural awareness and understanding into language learning, participating in cultural exploration projects and culture-based activities. Students will continue to consolidate four basic language skills in Mandarin Chinese through an active, communicative approach, be exposed to more real-life related topics, develop extensive vocabularies, and learn complex grammar points. Students will continue to use Pinyin and practice their mastery of four tones. The course will help students recognize and write 300-350 characters and use modern instructional technology to learn and type Chinese characters.

Mandarin 3
In this course, students will continue to expand their character base (by approximately 200-250 new characters), increase their oral and aural proficiency, and be introduced to more complex grammatical patterns. Throughout the course, students will also be exposed to various aspects of Chinese culture, including daily life, celebrations, music, food, traditional beliefs, politics, and history. Students will use the same textbook series as Mandarin 1 and 2, with additional materials supplemented by the instructor.

Mandarin 4 Honors
Students will continue to expand their character base, increase their oral and aural proficiency, and be introduced to even more complex grammatical patterns. Throughout the course, students will also be exposed to various aspects of Chinese culture, including daily life, celebrations, music, food, traditional beliefs, politics, and history.

Mandarin 5 Honors
This course aims to develop fluency in expression and accuracy in spoken and written language. The students will expand upon previously learned grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions in this course to develop more sophisticated conversational skills. They will hone their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through a variety of activities such as engaging in both free and guided conversation, small group and paired work, situational role-playing, reading and discussing articles, texts, and stories, discussing and analyzing Chinese language films and listening to music and recordings of native speakers. Students will be expected to write short papers and make oral presentations. Chinese literature and media will be used for class discussion and vocabulary acquisition. Students will also view Chinese films, which will serve as topics for discussion and as a means of vocabulary acquisition, listening comprehension practice, and cultural awareness.

Chinese Advanced Placement Language and Culture
This AP® Chinese Language and Culture course is designed for Upper school students who have successfully completed at least four years of Chinese courses. Students will further develop their communication skills and cultural competence through the course. The goal of this course is that, by the end of the school year, students are expected to perform at the intermediate range across the three communication modes: interpretive, interpersonal, and presentation, as described in the ACTFL Performance Descriptors for Language Learners. They will be able to comprehend and interpret the Chinese websites, stories, articles they read, Chinese speeches, messages, songs they listen to, and the video clips they view. Use Chinese to actively negotiate the meaning among individuals, to participate in cultural events, and to engage in conversations on various occasions. Write messages, articles, and reports to address daily life, school life, and other topics related to each unit theme. Discuss and present their perspectives or views on cultural products and practices. Research and compare cultural differences between China and America. Topics may include education systems, career choices, entertainment, families, art, history, geography, etc. Take the AP Chinese Language and Culture Exam. The course is conducted almost exclusively in Chinese.

Writing and Communication 1/2
This course is designed for English Language Learners with multiple English proficiency and fluency levels. Students will use writing, reading, speaking, and listening to improve their English skills. To advance these skills, actively developing and practicing vocabulary, idioms, sentence and paragraph structures, oral and aural competencies, and grammar and punctuation systems will be explored. Time will be spent practicing, participating, and studying the English language using authentic materials. This course is also one in which the students can express and work on individual concerns about writing, reading, speaking, and listening in English.